Earthquakes are caused by seismic waves that are generated due to a sudden movement in the earth's crust.This record is proportional to the motion of the seismometer mass relative to the earth, but it can be mathematically converted to a record of the absolute motion of the ground.The electrical voltage is recorded on paper, magnetic tape, or another recording medium.The motion of the base with respect to the mass is commonly transformed into an electrical voltage.It consists of a mass attached to a fixed base and during an earthquake, the base moves and the mass does not.
The first seismograph was developed in 1890.A seismograph is an instrument used to detect and record earthquakes.In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end set parallel to each other at a 45° angle. Many measurements of air pressure are used within surface weather analysis to help find surface troughs, pressure systems, and frontal boundaries.Ī periscope is an instrument for observation over, around, or through an object, obstacle, or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position. Pressure tendency can forecast short-term changes in the weather. The eudiometer was invented by Marsilio Landriani in 1775.Ī barometer is a scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment. A fathometer is a depth finder that uses s ound waves to determine the depth of water.Ī eudiometer is a laboratory device that measures the change in volume of a gas mixture following a physical or chemical change.The first depth measurements in the Mariana Trench were made by the British survey ship HMS Challenger, which was used by the Royal Navy in 1875 to conduct research in the trench.
The deepest part of the ocean is called the Challenger Deep and is located beneath the western Pacific Ocean at the southern end of the Mariana Trench.The average depth of the ocean is about 12,100 feet.A fathometer is used to measure the depth of the ocean.The sphygmomanometer was invented by Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter.Intensity refers to the damage done by the quake and ranges from 1 to 12.But each integer reading of the Richter scale has in energy 32 times of previous integer reading.The number indicating magnitude on Richter Scale ranges between 0 and 9 but the scale has no upper limit of number because it is a logarithmic scale.The intensity of an earthquake is measured using the Mercalli scale.On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions.The Richter scale gives the measure of the magnitude (and NOT intensity) of the earthquake.The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs.Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F.Recording intensity and origin of earthquake shocks.Ĭompares luminous intensity of two sources of light. Measures the refractive index of a substance. Measure the angular distance between two objects. Measures altitudes and angles in navigation and astronomy. Measures the scattering of light by particles suspended in a liquid.Īdditional Information Name of the Instrument Measures distance travelled by a vehicle. Measures the frequency of electromagnetic waves.
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